Concepts by source

Filter the concepts by source, with the drop-down below or the list to the right

absolute space

in
Source: 
Golledge, et al. (2008)
To differentiate between measurable (absolute) and non-measurable (relative) space (p. 95)

access

in
Source: 
Lynch (1984)
Activities are assumed to locate according to (their) relative cost(s). Measurements of access (to open space, to services, to jobs, to markets, etc.) appear frequently in reports. An entire branch of engineering is concerned with the analysis and manipulation of access...(p 187) Access may be classified according to the features to which access is given and to whom it is afforded (p 188). There are numerous ways of measuring the components of access (p 200)

adjacency

in
Source: 
O'Sullivan and Unwin (2002)
Adjacency can be thought of as the nominal, or binary, equivalent of distance. Two spatial entities are either adjacent or they are not, and we usually do not allow a middle ground (p. 36/see source for more).

adjacency

in
Source: 
Golledge, et al. (2008)
To comprehend the location of two objects through understanding of distance measurements (p. 95)

adjacency

in
Source: 
Marsh, et al. (2008)
Recognize closeness in space or find nearest neighbors in a distribution (p. 698)

adjacency and connectivity

in
Source: 
DiBiase, et al. (2006)
Topic AM3-6. List different ways connectivity can be determined in a raster and in a polygon dataset; Describe real world applications where adjacency and connectivity are a critical component of analysis; Explain the nine-intersection model for spatial relationships; Demonstrate how adjacency and connectivity can be recorded in matrices; Calculate various measures of adjacency in a polygon dataset; Create a matrix describing the pattern of adjacency in a set of planar enforced polygons.

affinity

in
Source: 
Piaget and Inhelder (1967)
Affinities (affinitive transformations) may be defined mathematically as projective correspondences (homologies) conserving parallelisms; similarities as affinities conserving angles; movements as similarities conserving distances (p 301).

alignment

in
Source: 
Newcombe and Huttenlocher (2000)

...competent map use includes an understanding of alignment, that is, knowledge of the relation of the self both to the physical world and to the represented world (p 151). ...viewers must ensure that their representations of the map and the world are in alignment in the plane, either by physically turning the map or by mentally rotating one or the other representation (p 151).

alternating repetition

in
Source: 
Alexander (2004)
Centers intensify other centers by repeating…It is a fact about the world that things repeat…the repetition which occurs in things which have life is a very special kind of repetition. It is a kind where the rhythm of the centers that repeat is underlined, and intensified, by an alternating rythm interlocked with the first and where a second system of centers also repeats, in parallel...(this) intensifies the first system, by providing a kind of counterpoint, or opposing beat (p 165-6)

analog

in
Source: 
Gersmehl (2005)
What places have similar conditions? (p. 106); Similar position and therefore similar conditions on a different continent, country, or urban area (p. 267)

analog

in
Source: 
Gersmehl and Gersmehl (2007)
Spatial analogs are places that may be far apart but have locations that are similar, and therefore they may have other conditions and/or connections that also are similar (p. 186, see source for more)

angle

in
Source: 
Battista (2007)

...students might abstract the similarity between intersections of lines, corners, bends in paths, and slopes (p 888). ...the difficulties that students (have) relating the standard angle concept to various angle contexts (e.g. turning, slope) seemed to be directly dependent on the visual availibility or salience of structural angle components (the two sides and the vertex) in the contexts (p 889).

area

in
Source: 
O'Sullivan and Unwin (2002)
Area objects of interest come in many guises, with a useful, although sometimes ambiguous distinction between those that arise naturally [e.g., a lake] and those that are imposed arbitrarily for the purposes of data collection (p. 205) [e.g., counties, census tracts, or grids]. See source for more, much more.

area

in
Source: 
DiBiase, et al. (2006)
Topic AM3-4. List reasons why the area of a polygon calculated in a GIS might not be the same as the real world object it describes; Explain how variations in the calculation of area may have real world implications, such as calculating density; Demonstrate how the area of a region calculated from a raster data set will vary by resolution and orientation; Outline an algorithm to find the area of a polygon using the coordinates of its vertices.

area and volume

in
Source: 
Battista (2007)

Genuine understanding of area/volume measurements requires comprehending (a) what the attribute of area/volume is and how it behaves (i.e. conserving it as it is moved about and decomposed/recomposed), (b) how area/volume is measured by iterating units of area/volume, (c) how numerical processes can be used to determine area/volume measures for special classes of shapes, and (d) how these numerical processes are represented with words and algebra (p 897).

areal association

in
Source: 
Marsh, et al. (2008)
Measure degree of similarity between point, line, or area distributions (p. 698)

arrangement

in
Source: 
Golledge, et al. (2008)
To recognize a pattern embedded in a background (p. 95);

arrangement

in
Source: 
Marsh, et al. (2008)
Recognize (plan) a path between an origin and destination (p. 698)

association

in
Source: 
Gersmehl (2005)
Pattern comparison: are the spatial patterns similar? (p. 108); Correlation: statistical measure of the relationship between variables; a high correlation means a place with a high value on one measure will probably also have a high value on the other measure (p. 268)

association

in
Source: 
Gersmehl and Gersmehl (2007)
A spatial association is a pair of features that end to occur together in the same locations, like squirrels and oak trees or coral reefs and tropical islands (p. 287, see source for more)