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We have annotated several hundred teaching resources cataloged in the National Science Digital Library with spatial concept terms listed below. We have also created a new TeachSpatial collection annotated in the same way. The concept terms were drawn from the U.S.National Science Education Standards (NSES 1996) for topic areas B - Physical Science, C - Life Science, D - Earth and Space Science, as well as from the 1994 U.S. Geography Teaching Standards for grades 9-12. Those standards can be browsed here.

spatial concept terms

NSDL teaching resources related to "layer"

This site explains the layers of Earth's atmosphere, including the stratosphere, where the ozone is most concentrated; the harmful effects of the UVB portion of ultraviolet light; and the effects of chlorofluorocarbons on the ozone layer. The history of ozone depletion and the world's reaction to it is presented. There is also information on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency programs to prevent ozone layer depletion and other links to the history and science of ozone depletion.

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Ozone Science: The Facts Behind the Phaseout

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This demonstration of plate tectonic principles, plate boundary interactions, and the geometry and relative motions of faulting of geologic layers uses 3-D foam models. The models aid in visualization and understanding of plate motions and faulting because they are three-dimensional, concrete rather than abstract descriptions or diagrams, can be manipulated by the instructor and the students, and can show the motions of the plates and faults through time in addition to the three-dimensional configuration of the plates or layers.

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Teaching about Plate Tectonics and Faulting Using Foam Models

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This site provides information about Nicholas Steno, the Father of Stratigraphy, whose work on the formation of rock layers and the fossils they contain was crucial to the development of modern geology. The principles he stated continue to be used today by geologists and paleontologists. Steno along with contemporaries Robert Hooke and John Ray was able to link tongue stones with sharks teeth and thus argued that fossils were the remains of once-living organisms. This lead to the eventual development of the principle of original horizontality and the law of superposition.

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Nicholas Steno (1638-1686)

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This site explains that seismologic studies of the Earth have revealed that it has several distinct layers. Each of these layers has its own properties and this information has helped to give credence to plate tectonic theory. There is an interactive diagram of the Earth that shows and describes the layers. In addition, each layer is described and diagramed in detail. There are also active links to a Glossary of Terms for unfamiliar words in the text.

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Structure of the Earth

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This resource describes the depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere, which filters out incoming radiation in the cell-damaging ultraviolet (UV) part of the spectrum. Other topics include a detailed description of the chemical interaction between chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and ozone and a list of other ozone depleting chemicals. Information is also available on the ozone layer, ozone holes above Antarctica and the Arctic, the polar vortex, methods of measuring and monitoring ozone depletion and efforts to reverse the problem, including the Montreal Protocol.

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Enviropedia: Introduction to Ozone Depletion

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This is an online activity in which students learn how to determine Richter magnitudes. The online Richter-magnitude calculator uses frames and layers to allow the user to make determinations of the Richter magnitudes of Southern California earthquakes from seismograms. If your browser supports neither frames nor layers, you will not be able to use this calculator, but there is an alternate page with a printable seismogram and nomograph available.

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SCEC Education Module: The Richter Scale

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