Spatial Concept Perspectives

We have gathered ~300 excerpts from published works about fundamental spatial concept terms. These have been cross-referenced with the concept lexicon appearing on the left. Those terms were drawn from the U.S.National Science Education Standards (NSES 1996) for topic areas B - Physical Science, C - Life Science, D - Earth and Space Science, as well as from the 1994 U.S. Geography Teaching Standards for grades 9-12. Those standards can be browsed here.

spatial concept terms

disciplinary perspectives on "interaction"

interaction

Interaction may be considered as a combination of distance and adjacency and rests on the intuitively obvious idea that nearer things are "more related" than distant things, a notion often referred to as the first law of geography (Tobler, 1970) (p. 36/see source for more).

Geography

O'Sullivan and Unwin (2002)

Geographic Information Analysis